16. Kristallnacht - Night if Broken Glass




On November 9 to November 10, 1938, in an incident known as 

“Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish 

homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews. In the 

aftermath of Kristallnacht, also called the “Night of Broken Glass,” some 

30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. 

German Jews had been subjected to repressive policies since 1933, when 

Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) became chancellor of Germany. 

However, prior to Kristallnacht, these Nazi policies had been primarily 

nonviolent. After Kristallnacht, conditions for German Jews grew 

increasingly worse. During World War II (1939-45), Hitler and the Nazis 

implemented their so-called “Final Solution” to the what they referred to as 

the “Jewish problem,” and carried out the systematic murder of some 6 

million European Jews in what came to be known as the Holocaust.

1. When did Kristallnacht happen?
November 9 to November 10, 1938,



2. What happened during Kristallnacht 

 Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish 


homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews



3. What was the Final Solution?

to kill jews
Soon after Adolph Hitler became Germany’s chancellor in January 1933, he began instituting policies that isolated German Jews and subjected them to persecution. 

Among other things, Hitler’s Nazi Party, which espoused extreme German nationalism and anti-Semitism, commanded that all Jewish businesses be boycotted and all Jews be dismissed from civil-service posts. 

In May 1933, the writings of Jewish and other “un-German” authors were burned in a communal ceremony at Berlin’s Opera House. Within two years, German businesses were publicly announcing that they no longer serviced Jews. 

The Nuremberg Laws, passed in September 1935, decreed that only Aryans could be full German citizens. Furthermore, it became illegal for Aryans and Jews to marry or have extramarital intercourse.


Vocabulary 

Boycott: withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest.

Persecution: withdraw from commercial or social relations with a country or person as a punishment or protest

Anti-Semitism: hostility to or prejedice against jews 

Nuremberg Laws: two race based measures depriving jews or right

Aryan: relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples.





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